时间：2022-10-01 00:33
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1.Porpoises Porpoises（海豚）一文的作者Ralph Nading Hill是美国作家以及情况掩护主义者，这篇文章选自他的书籍Window in the sea，Porpoises属于典型的科普文章：通俗易懂，没有太多的文化配景知识。这篇主要对海豚的一些生活习性做先容。
文章内里有这样一句话：Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are constantly after the turtles, who peacefully submit to all sorts of indignities.上面这个句子中whether it be是一个很古典的用法，it在这里是指后面的anything that is alive，be则是一个虚拟语气用法，如果将whether it be bird, fish or beast 改为whether it is bird, fish or beast也是可以的，但在语气上就没有whether it be那么古典正式。事实上，whether it be这个用法在新四中多次泛起，在第26课The past life of the earth也有一个例子：After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided.Whether it be plant or animal 这里it指代的是前面的something else，另外后面的...and it is only by chance that …为强调句，强调的是by chance，还原后是：…and such a fate is avoided only by chance.在写作中可以用whether it be来对一些可能的情况举行枚举，例如：Due to the generation gap, young adults are often at odds with older generations over everyday matters, whether it be hairstyles or taste in music.2.The ‘Vasa’The ‘Vasa’ （瓦萨号）是以瑞典瓦萨王朝首创人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的一艘战船，瓦萨号制作时瑞典正处于最强盛的时期，但这艘船却在首航中很离奇地淹没在斯德哥尔摩口岸。
新观点4这篇文章正是对这一事件的形貌。文章的用词很生动华美，一些修辞手法也值得我们借鉴：As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with color, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before.上面句子形貌的是瓦萨号刚起航时的壮观局面，对此作者接纳了排比的手法，连用with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, (with) her flags flying, (with her) pennants waving, (with her) sails filling in the breeze, (with) the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with color 这五个独立主格结构来形貌这一气势磅礴的场景。
句子的用词也很有画面感，好比as she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke，这里用drifting来体现礼炮烟云四处弥漫的状态。the water churned to foam beneath her bow，foam作为名词时是指“泡沫”，这里接纳其动词寄义“起泡沫”，准确地描绘了船头下白浪四溅的场景。
the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with color，ablaze一词常用来指某事物色彩缤纷，例如：Her yard was ablaze with summer flowers. 她院子里夏季的鲜花五彩缤纷。用在这里指瓦萨号的船楼金碧辉煌很是贴切。值得注意的一点是，作者在指瓦萨号时用的是’she’，这其实是一种经常在文学作品中泛起的手法：用she来指船只，国家或者汽车。
新观点3有一篇文章Five pounds too dear，内里也用到了这种手法：Small boats。
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